Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential
tissue damage. Chronic pain, with a prevalence of 20–30% is the major cause of human …

There is a very large literature examining income inequality in relation to health. Early
reviews came to different interpretations of the evidence, though a large majority of studies …

Abstract We describe the Cacioppo Evolutionary Theory of Loneliness (ETL) and its
manifestations in contemporary society. The early conceptualizations of loneliness were as …

Classic theories of stress and health are largely based on assumptions regarding how
different psychosocial stressors influence biological processes that, in turn, affect human …

The motivation to avoid pain and injury is a fundamental instinct, crucial to the survival of
individuals and species. Yet, each year, millions of people purposefully and directly injure …

Major life stressors, especially those involving interpersonal stress and social rejection, are
among the strongest proximal risk factors for depression. In this review, we propose a …

We examined 120 Cyberball studies (N= 11,869) to determine the effect size of ostracism
and conditions under which the effect may be reversed, eliminated, or small. Our analyses …

Ethnic minority groups across the world face a complex set of adverse social and
psychological challenges linked to their minority status, often involving racial discrimination …

How does our brain choose the best course of action? Choices between material goods are
thought to be steered by neural value signals that encode the rewarding properties of the …

Often seen as the paragon of higher cognition, here we suggest that cognitive control is
dependent on emotion. Rather than asking whether control is influenced by emotion, we ask …