Calreticulin (CALR) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein involved in a
spectrum of cellular processes. In healthy cells, CALR operates as a chaperone and Ca2+ …

Abstract Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) coordinates a diverse array of cellular programs through
transcriptional regulation of immunologically relevant genes. This article reviews the current …

Advancing our understanding of mechanisms of immune regulation in allergy, asthma,
autoimmune diseases, tumor development, organ transplantation, and chronic infections …

Natural killer (NK) cells were discovered more than 30 years ago. NK cells are large
granular lymphocytes that belong to the innate immune system because unlike T or B …

Interferons are a family of proteins first identified by their ability to induce cellular resistance
to infection by many viruses. In addition to the antiviral properties it shares with the α-and β …

Studies on cell lines have greatly improved our understanding of many important biological
questions. Generation of cell lines is facilitated by the introduction of immortalizing …

The concept of stress pervades modern society, yet there exists no generally accepted
definition or classification of stressful experience. This authoritative work is the first to …

Immune interferon (IFN-gamma) increases the surface expression of HLA-A, B antigens and
induces the surface expression of HLA-DR antigens on vascular endothelial cells and …

Cells in the brain express unusually low levels of antigens encoded by the major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) 1, 2. This is somewhat surprising as class I (H− 2) and …

The melanoma cell line FO-1 does not express HLA class I antigens and does not acquire
them on the cell surface after incubation with IFN-gamma. Immunochemical studies showed …