Transcranial (electro) magnetic stimulation (TMS) is currently the method of choice to non-
invasively induce neural activity in the human brain. A single transcranial stimulus induces a …

Elucidating the prefrontal cortical microcircuit has been challenging, given its role in multiple
complex behaviors, including working memory, cognitive flexibility, attention, social …

Transcriptomics has revealed that cortical inhibitory neurons exhibit a great diversity of fine
molecular subtypes,,,,–, but it is not known whether these subtypes have correspondingly …

Cortical networks are composed of glutamatergic excitatory projection neurons and local
GABAergic inhibitory interneurons that gate signal flow and sculpt network dynamics …

Nervous systems are composed of various cell types, but the extent of cell type diversity is
poorly understood. We constructed a cellular taxonomy of one cortical region, primary visual …

We present a first-draft digital reconstruction of the microcircuitry of somatosensory cortex of
juvenile rat. The reconstruction uses cellular and synaptic organizing principles to …

Diverse subsets of cortical interneurons have vital roles in higher-order brain functions. To
investigate how this diversity is generated, here we used single-cell RNA sequencing to …

In the hippocampus GABAergic local circuit inhibitory interneurons represent only~ 10–15%
of the total neuronal population; however, their remarkable anatomical and physiological …

To understand the function of cortical circuits, it is necessary to catalog their cellular
diversity. Past attempts to do so using anatomical, physiological or molecular features of …

Once acquired, a fearful memory can persist for a lifetime. Although learned fear can be
extinguished, extinction memories are fragile. The resilience of fear memories to extinction …