The stringent response and its signalling nucleotides, pppGpp and ppGpp, have been the
subject of intense research since the discovery of (p) ppGpp in 1969. Recent studies have …

Nucleotide-derived second messengers are present in all domains of life. In prokaryotes,
most of their functionality is associated with general lifestyle and metabolic adaptations …

Toxic small alarmone synthetase (toxSAS) enzymes constitute a family of bacterial effectors
present in toxin–antitoxin and secretion systems. toxSASs act through either translation …

Highlights•Bacteria utilize nucleotide second messengers such as (p) ppGpp as stress
regulators.•Crosstalk exists between nucleotide second messenger signaling pathways.•(p) …

Cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate (c‐di‐AMP) has been well studied in bacteria,
including those of the genus Streptococcus, since the first recognition of this dinucleotide in …

The dinucleotide cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is synthesized as a second messenger in the
Gram-positive model bacterium Bacillus subtilis as well as in many bacteria and archaea …

The alarmones and second messengers (p) ppGpp are important for the cellular response to
amino acid starvation. Although the stringent response is present in many bacteria, the …

Abstract Toxic Small Alarmone Synthetase (toxSAS) enzymes constitute a family of bacterial
effectors present in toxin-antitoxin (TA) and secretion systems. toxSASs act either through …

Abstract" Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245, una rizobacteria promotora del crecimiento de
las plantas, es una de las cepas de mayor interés debido a la gran variedad de beneficios …