Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes and remains the leading cause of
blindness among the working-age population. For decades, diabetic retinopathy was …

Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a process whereby an endothelial cell
undergoes a series of molecular events that lead to a change in phenotype toward a …

Macular edema consists of intra-or subretinal fluid accumulation in the macular region. It
occurs during the course of numerous retinal disorders and can cause severe impairment of …

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the major cause of vision loss in diabetic persons.
Alteration of the blood–retinal barrier is the hallmark of this disease, characterized by …

Breakdown of the inner endothelial blood-retinal barrier (BRB), as occurs in diabetic
retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusions, uveitis and other …

The CLDN5 gene encodes claudin-5 (CLDN-5) that is expressed in endothelial cells and
forms tight junctions which limit the passive diffusions of ions and solutes. The blood–brain …

Appearance of alveolar protein-rich edema is an early event in the development of acute
respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Alveolar edema in ARDS results from a significant …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common and devastating microvascular complication of
diabetes and a major cause of acquired blindness in young adults. Advanced glycation end …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common microvascular complication that occurs in
diabetes mellitus (DM), is the leading cause of vision loss in working-age adults. The …

Intercellular tight junctions (TJs) exhibit a complex molecular architecture involving the
regulated cointeraction of cytoplasmic adaptor proteins (eg, zonula occludens) and integral …