This chapter reviews updated Directed Forgetting (DF) research, reflecting significant
changes in the field. It is divided into four sections, beginning with methodologies of item …

Contextual information plays a critical role in directed forgetting (DF) of lists of items,
whereas DF of individual items has been primarily associated with item-level processing …

Memory is susceptible to voluntary disruption, for instance, through directed forgetting
manipulations, in which people are cued to intentionally “forget” information. Until now …

Recent research on item-method directed forgetting demonstrates that forget instructions not
only decrease recognition for targets, but also decrease false recognition for foils from the …

When participants study items one-by-one and are directed to either remember or forget the
respective item directly after its presentation, retention of to-be-forgotten items is regularly …

The modulation of part-list cuing on item memory has been well-documented, whereas its
impact on associative memory remains largely unknown. The present study explored the …

C ontrolling action and thought requires the ca-1 pacity to stop mental processes. Over the 2
last two decades, evidence has grown that a 3 domain-general inhibitory control mechanism …

The item-based directed-forgetting effect is explained as a difference in how strongly people
encode remember-cued over forget-cued targets. In contrast, the production effect is typically …

Humans can intentionally forget previously-learned declarative information such as words:
Memory for to-be-remembered (TBR) words is typically better than for to-be-forgotten (TBF) …

Intentional remembering and intentional forgetting are adaptive processes that permit us to
exert control over the contents of our memories. These abilities ensure that memory …