The mountain cryosphere of mainland Europe is recognized to have important impacts on a
range of environmental processes. In this paper, we provide an overview on the current …

Surface mass balance (SMB) provides mass input to the surface of the Antarctic and
Greenland Ice Sheets and therefore comprises an important control on ice sheet mass …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

We reconstruct the mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet using a comprehensive survey
of thickness, surface elevation, velocity, and surface mass balance (SMB) of 260 glaciers …

We assess the recent contribution of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) to sea level change. We
use the mass budget method, which quantifies ice sheet mass balance (MB) as the …

We evaluate modelled Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) near-surface climate, surface energy
balance (SEB) and surface mass balance (SMB) from the updated regional climate model …

Abstract The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Operation IceBridge
(OIB) was a 13‐year (2009–2021) airborne mission to survey land and sea ice across the …

Melting is pervasive along the ice surrounding Antarctica. On the surface of the grounded ice
sheet and floating ice shelves, extensive networks of lakes, streams and rivers both store …

Abstract Predicting Greenland Ice Sheet mass loss due to ice dynamics requires a complete
understanding of spatiotemporal velocity fluctuations and related control mechanisms. We …

We review the findings of approximately 60 years of in situ and remote sensing studies of
glacier crevasses, as well as the three broad classes of numerical models now employed to …