Airborne particulate matter poses a serious threat to human health. Exposure to nanosized
(< 0.1 μm), vehicle-derived particulates may be hazardous due to their bioreactivity, their …

The air quality in the subway metro indoor microenvironment has been of particular public
concern. With specific reference to the growing demand of green transportation and …

Background Exposure to ambient airborne particulate matter is a major risk factor for
mortality and morbidity, associated with asthma, lung cancer, heart disease, myocardial …

Abstract Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) associated with toxic components in the subway
system is likely to lead to various diseases, which has raised public concern, but it has not …

Environmental health in subway stations, a typical type of urban underground space, is
becoming increasingly important. Ventilation is the principal measure for optimizing the …

Most particles breathed on rail subway platforms are highly ferruginous (FePM) and
extremely small (nanometric to a few microns in size). High magnification observations of …

The concentrations of PM10 and PM2. 5 were measured continuously in both indoors and
outdoors of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway network, Korea from Oct. 2007 to Apr. 2008. As …

Subway particle samples collected at four underground subway stations in Seoul, Korea
were characterized by a single-particle analytical technique, low-Z particle electron probe X …

Abstract The Copenhagen Metro comprises four lines, the M1, M2, M3 and M4, with 25
subterranean stations and an additional 14 stations above ground, serving ca. 80 million …

Underground railway stations are known to have elevated particulate matter (PM) loads
compared to ambient air. As these particles are derived from metal-rich sources and …