Radar sounding is a powerful geophysical approach for characterizing the subsurface
conditions of terrestrial and planetary ice masses at local to global scales. As a result, a wide …

The icy outer shell of Jupiter's moon Europa is believed to be geologically active, and
geological processes within the ice may be key to sustaining chemical disequilibria and …

Ocean worlds have been identified as high‐priority astrobiology targets due to the link
between life and liquid water. Young surface terrain on many icy bodies indicates that they …

We investigate the structure and evolution of multiphase ice-ocean interfaces ('mushy
layers') and the implications for the geophysics and habitability of ice-ocean worlds …

Young surface and possible recent endogenic activity make Europa one of the most exciting
solar system bodies and a primary target for spacecraft exploration. Future Europa missions …

Enceladus is a dynamic icy moon of Saturn and a leading target for future planetary
missions focused on the search for life beyond Earth. For such missions, instruments that …

Solid-state convection has been proposed to occur within Europa's ice shell based both on
the interpretation of observed geological activity during Galileo spacecraft exploration and …

Ceres, as revealed by NASA's Dawn spacecraft, is an ancient, crater-saturated body
dominated by low-albedo clays. Yet, localised sites display a bright, carbonate mineralogy …

The potential habitability of Jupiter's moon Europa has motivated two missions: NASA's
Europa Clipper and ESA's JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE). Both missions are equipped …

Radar sounding is a geophysical method capable of directly imaging subsurface interfaces
within the ice shell of the icy moons, including Jupiter's moon, Europa. For this reason, both …