Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent
bonds on the backbones or amino acid side chains of proteins and expand the diversity of …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease considered as a multistep
process spanning from the interaction of genetic (eg, shared epitope or non-HLA loci) …

As the main protein components of chromatin, histones play central roles in gene regulation
as spools of winding DNA. Histones are subject to various modifications, including …

Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are major health problems associated with
high mortality. Recently, DNA-based neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) resulting from the …

Citrullination is the post-translational conversion of an arginine residue within a protein to
the non-coded amino acid citrulline. This modification leads to the loss of a positive charge …

Citrullinating enzymes (peptidylarginine deiminases, PADs) are tightly controlled to limit
their hyperactivation. Calcium and redox conditions are important regulators of PAD activity …

NETosis, an antimicrobial form of neutrophil cell death, is considered a primary source of
citrullinated autoantigens in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and immunogenic DNA in systemic …

Human proteins are subjected to more than 200 known post-translational modifications
(PTMs)(eg, phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, S-nitrosylation, methylation …

Neutrophils are cells of the immune system which freely circulate in blood vessels and are
recruited to the inflammation sites when the human organism responds to microbial …

Peptidylarginine deiminases are a family of enzymes that mediate post-translational
modifications of protein arginine residues by deimination or demethylimination to produce …