Logs are semi-structured text generated by logging statements in software source code. In
recent decades, software logs have become imperative in the reliability assurance …

Logs are widely used to record runtime information of software systems, such as the
timestamp and the importance of an event, the unique ID of the source of the log, and a part …

Logging is a practice widely adopted in several phases of the software lifecycle. For
example, during software development log statements allow engineers to verify and debug …

Developers write logging statements to generate logs and record system execution
behaviors to assist in debugging and software maintenance. However, deciding where to …

Due to the sheer size of software logs, developers rely on automated techniques for log
analysis. One of the first and most important steps of automated log analysis is log …

Test case prioritization (TCP) has been widely studied in regression testing, which aims to
optimize the execution order of test cases so as to detect more faults earlier. TCP has been …

Cloud computing systems have become increasingly popular in recent years. A typical cloud
system utilizes millions of computing nodes as the basic infrastructure. Node failure has …

The textual descriptions in logging statements (ie, logging texts) are printed during system
executions and exposed to multiple stakeholders including developers, operators, users …

Developers insert logging statements in the source code to collect important runtime
information about software systems. The textual descriptions in logging statements (ie …

Developers write logging statements to generate logs that provide valuable runtime
information for debugging and maintenance of software systems. Log level is an important …