Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are immune disorders whose incidence and prevalence are
increasing year by year. AIDs are produced by the immune system's misidentification of self …

Progressive brain diseases create a huge social and economic burden on modern societies
as a major cause of disability and death. Incidence of brain diseases has a significantly …

Extensive research into ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has suggested the major role of
genetics, immune reactions, and the joint–gut axis in its etiology, although an ultimate …

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) contemplates the inflammatory involvement of the musculoskeletal
system, gut, skin, and eyes, delineating heterogeneous diseases with a common …

Enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) is a category of juvenile idiopathic arthritis which belongs to
the spectrum of diseases that are included in juvenile spondyloarthropathy. In recent years …

Degenerative spinal stenosis is a chronic disease that affects the spinal ligaments and
associated bones, resulting in back pain and disorders of the limbs among the elderly …

Attenuation of adipose hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) may impair lipolysis and exacerbate
obesity. We investigate the role of cytokine, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in …

Introduction Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) presents a complex scenario where both new
bone formation in entheseal tissues and significant trabecular bone loss coexist …

Subclinical inflammation is associated with Spondylarthritis (SpA). SpA patients show
features of dysbiosis, altered gut barrier function, and local expansion of innate and innate …

Neutrophilic inflammation is a pervasive characteristic common to spondyloarthropathies
and related disorders. This inflammation manifests as Munro's microabscesses of the skin …