More frequent and intense periods of extreme heat (heatwaves) represent the most direct
challenge to human health posed by climate change. Older adults are particularly …

Individuals age> 65 years old are the fastest expanding population demographic throughout
the developed world. Consequently, more aged patients than before are receiving …

The accurate definition and staging of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the major
achievements of modern nephrology. Intensive research is now being undertaken to unravel …

Despite new and effective drug therapies, insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes mellitus
(T2D) and its complications remain major medical challenges. It is accepted that IR, often …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by an accumulation of fat in the liver; the
condition can progress over time to increase the risk of developing cirrhosis, end-stage liver …

Age-associated loss of kidney function has been recognized for decades. With aging, many
subjects exhibit progressive decreases in glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow, with …

Persistently elevated oxidative stress and inflammation precede or occur during the
development of type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus and precipitate devastating complications …

The possible link between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease
(CKD) recently has attracted considerable scientific interest. Accumulating clinical evidence …

The mitochondria are a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxide anion
(O2•–) is produced by the process of oxidative phosphorylation associated with glucose …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes. At its core, DN is a
metabolic disorder which can also manifest itself in terms of local inflammation in the …