Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disease characterised by elevated levels of
blood glucose, is among the most common chronic diseases. The incidence and prevalence …

Sexual function, and testosterone (T) levels, progressively decline in aging men. Associated
morbidities and metabolic disorders can accelerate the phenomenon. The specific …

Purpose To provide the evidence-based recommendations on the role of testosterone (T) on
age-related symptoms and signs remains. Methods The Italian Society of Andrology and …

The relative proportional increase of the elderly population within many countries will
become one of the most significant social transformations of the twenty-first century and, for …

Male hypogonadism is defined as low circulating testosterone level associated with signs
and symptoms of testosterone deficiency. Although the bidirectional link between …

Organic male hypogonadism due to irreversible hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular (HPT)
pathology is easily diagnosed and treated with testosterone-replacement therapy. However …

Men with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a high prevalence of testosterone
deficiency (TD). Similarly, men with TD have an increased risk of developing obesity and/or …

Background The age‐related decline in testosterone levels is thought to be of great
importance for male aging and cardiovascular diseases. However, data are controversial on …

Purpose Erectile dysfunction (ED) is associated with testosterone deficiency and is a
symptom of functional hypogonadism. A correlation between ED and cardiovascular disease …

The use of testosterone therapy has a complex history of apprehension and questions
regarding its safety. Despite an eventual consensus that testosterone therapy was safe and …