Evolution of RNA viruses occurs through disequilibria of collections of closely related mutant
spectra or mutant clouds termed viral quasispecies. Here we review the origin of the …

The discovery of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 1989 permitted basic research to unravel critical
components of a complex life cycle for this important human pathogen. HCV is a highly …

Background Only 15 to 20 percent of patients with chronic hepatitis C have a sustained
virologic response to interferon therapy. We compared the efficacy and safety of …

The action of interferons (IFNs) on virus-infected cells and surrounding tissues elicits an
antiviral state that is characterized by the expression and antiviral activity of IFN-stimulated …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and
hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as the most common indication for liver transplantation in …

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small enveloped RNA virus belonging to the family
flaviviridae and genus hepacivirus. The HCV RNA genome is 9,600 nucleotides in length …

Exposure to blood-borne pathogens poses a serious risk to health care workers (HCWs). We
review the risk and management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus …

Purpose: To review information on performance characteristics for tests that are commonly
used to identify acute and chronic hepatic injury. Data Sources and Study Selection: A …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health problem affecting an estimated 170
million individuals worldwide. We report the identification of multiple independent adaptive …

On the basis of phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences, multiple genotypes and
subtypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been identified. Characterization of these genetic …