Mental effort is an elementary notion in our folk psychology and a familiar fixture in everyday
introspective experience. However, as an object of scientific study, mental effort has …

Motivational and hedonic impairments are core aspects of a variety of types of
psychopathology. These impairments cut across diagnostic categories and may be critical to …

Two independent lines of research propose that exertion of mental effort can impair
subsequent performance due to ego depletion or mental fatigue. In this meta-analysis, we …

Compassion—the warm, caregiving emotion that emerges from witnessing the suffering of
others—has long been considered an important moral emotion for motivating and sustaining …

Motivation is underpinned by cost-benefit valuations where costs—such as physical effort or
outcome risk—are subjectively weighed against available rewards. However, in many …

Maladaptive decision-making is increasingly recognized to play a significant role in
numerous psychiatric disorders, such that therapeutics capable of ameliorating core …

Much is known about the neural circuits of conditioned fear and its relevance to
understanding anxiety disorders, but less is known about other anxiety-related behaviors …

There has recently been a resurgence of interest in psychedelic compounds based on
studies demonstrating their potential therapeutic applications in treating post-traumatic …

Neural reward function has been proposed as a possible biomarker for depression.
However, how the neural response to reward and aversion might differ in young adolescents …

Self-regulatory control plays a key role in determining sports performance. To illustrate, a
runner whose muscles are aching has to fight the impulse of slowing down. This impulse …