Heavy metals and metalloids (HMs) are environmental pollutants, most notably cadmium,
lead, arsenic, mercury, and chromium. When HMs accumulate to toxic levels in agricultural …

Agriculture in the 21st century is facing multiple challenges, such as those related to soil
fertility, climatic fluctuations, environmental degradation, urbanization, and the increase in …

Anthropogenic activities pose a more significant threat to the environment than natural
phenomena by contaminating the environment with heavy metals. Cadmium (Cd), a highly …

Cadmium (Cd) is a major environmental contaminant due to its widespread industrial use.
Cd contamination of soil and water is rather classical but has emerged as a recent problem …

Nano-enabled strategies have emerged as promising alternatives to resolve heavy metals
(HMs) related harms in an eco-friendly manner. Here, we explored the potential of biogenic …

Water contamination can be detrimental to the human health due to higher concentration of
carcinogenic heavy metals such as chromium (Cr) in the wastewater. Many traditional …

Soil contamination with cadmium (Cd) is a severe concern for the developing world due to
its non-biodegradability and significant potential to damage the ecosystem and associated …

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in rice fields has been recognized as a severe global agro–
environmental issue. To reach the goal of controlling Cd risk, we must pay more attention …

Abiotic stress in plants is a crucial issue worldwide, especially heavy-metal contaminants,
salinity, and drought. These stresses may raise a lot of issues such as the generation of …

The current state of heavy metal (HM) environmental pollution problems was considered in
the review: the effects of HMs on the vital activity of plants and the functioning of their …