Thyroid hormones are necessary for the normal functioning of physiological systems.
Therefore, knowledge of any factor (whether genetic, environmental or intrinsic) that alters …

Thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus are closely linked. Several studies have
documented the increased prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus …

Body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or higher is used to identify individuals with obesity. In the last
3 decades, the worldwide prevalence of obesity has increased 27.5% for adults and 47.1 …

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) should be considered in two categories according to the
elevation in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level: mildly increased TSH levels (4.0 …

Key Clinical Points Subclinical Hypothyroidism Subclinical hypothyroidism is defined as an
elevated thyrotropin level with a normal free thyroxine (T4) level. To confirm the diagnosis, a …

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and thyroid dysfunction are common in clinical practice. The
objectives of this review are to discuss some proposed mechanisms by which thyroid …

Current smoking in population surveys is associated with a slight dose‐dependent fall of
serum TSH, likely secondary to a rise of serum FT 4 and FT 3 induced by activation of the …

Obesity and thyroid diseases are common disorders in the general population and they
frequently occur in single individuals. Alongside a chance association, a direct relationship …

Background: Clustering of various metabolic parameters including abdominal obesity,
hyperglycaemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated triglycerides and …

Both thyroid dysfunction and obesity are highly prevalent in the general population. National
data suggest that hypothyroidism is present in 4.6% of the US population, and …