Rain gardens have become a widespread stormwater practice in the United States, and their
use is poised to continue expanding as they are an aesthetically pleasing way to improve …

Repeated exposure to submergence and de-submergence may induce acclimation in plants
growing in riparian areas. However, the effect of each consecutive submergence and de …

Effective sequestration of carbon from the atmosphere is essential to combating climate
change. Many cities have set ambitious carbon neutrality goals, highlighting the significance …

Urbanization causes alteration of the thermal regime (surface, air, and water) of the
environment. Heated stormwater runoff flows into lakes, streams, bays, and estuaries, which …

Live stakes are cuttings taken from dormant woody plant species used to establish riparian
vegetation. Although many species may be suitable, black willow (Salix nigra) is the species …

Rain gardens are an effective, attractive, and sustainable stormwater management solution
for residential areas and urban green spaces. Although design considerations such as size …