Advances in sequencing techniques and statistical methods have made it possible not only
to predict sequences of ancestral proteins but also to identify thousands of mutations in the …

β-lactamases are produced by many modern bacteria as a mechanism of resistance toward
β-lactam antibiotics, the most common antibiotics in use. β-lactamases, however, are ancient …

Amino acid substitutions at nonconserved protein positions can have noncanonical and
“long-distance” outcomes on protein function. Such outcomes might arise from changes in …

In molecular recognition, it is often the case that ligand binding is coupled to conformational
change in one or both of the binding partners. Two hypotheses describe the limiting cases …

Thioredoxins-small globular proteins that reduce other proteins-are ubiquitous in all forms of
life, from archaea to mammals. Ancestral Thioredoxins (Thrxs), which date back to almost 4 …

Determining the three-dimensional structure of myoglobin, the first solved structure of a
protein, fundamentally changed the way protein function was understood. Even more …

Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system
that regulates multiple different forms of synaptic plasticity, including learning and memory …

PDZ domain proteins control multiple cellular functions by governing assembly of protein
complexes. It remains unknown why individual PDZ domains can bind the extreme C …

Molecular docking serves as an important tool in modeling protein–ligand interactions.
However, it is still challenging to incorporate overall receptor flexibility, especially backbone …

The binding of short disordered peptide stretches to globular protein domains is important
for a wide range of cellular processes, including signal transduction, protein transport, and …