As a chemical transmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, nitric oxide (NO) is still
thought a bit of an oddity, yet this role extends back to the beginnings of the evolution of the …

Although being a physiologically important excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate plays a
pivotal role in various neurological disorders including ischemic neurological diseases. Its …

Multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs, symbol ABCC) are membrane glycoproteins that
mediate the ATP-dependent export of organic anions, including cytotoxic and antiviral drugs …

Cyclic nucleotides are known to be effluxed from cultured cells or isolated tissues. Two
recently described members of the multidrug resistance protein family, MRP4 and MRP5 …

Several million patients with liver cirrhosis suffer minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE),
with mild cognitive and coordination impairments that reduce their quality of life and life …

Our current understanding of nitric oxide (NO), cyclic GMP (cGMP) and protein kinase G
(PKG) signaling pathways in the nervous systems has its origins in the early studies …

Acute intoxication with large doses of ammonia leads to rapid death. The main mechanism
for ammonia elimination in brain is its reaction with glutamate to form glutamine. This …

The biokinetics of guanosine 3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) is characterized by
three distinct processes: synthesis by guanylate cyclases (GCs), conversion of cGMP to …

Intellectual function is impaired in patients with hyperammonemia and hepatic
encephalopathy. Chronic hyperammonemia with or without liver failure impairs the …

Dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate and other neurosteroids are synthesized in the CNS and
peripheral nervous system where they may modulate neuronal excitability by interacting with …