Neuronal networks within the spinal cord directly control rhythmic movements of the
arms/forelimbs and legs/hindlimbs during locomotion in mammals. For an effective …

An understanding of the evolution of human bipedalism can provide valuable insights into
the biomechanical and physiological characteristics of locomotion in modern humans. The …

The dynamic similarity hypothesis postulates that different mammals move in a dynamically
similar fashion whenever they travel at speeds that give them equal values of a …

Primates include a wide variety of mammals from the relatively ancient lineages of lemurs on
Madagascar and tiny tarsiers of Southeast Asia to the gorillas of montane Africa. Of course …

Extant terrestrial mammals span an enormous size range, from tiny pygmy shrews weighing
in at less than 5 g to massive African elephants tipping the scales at over 2500 kg …

The symmetrical gaits of quadrupedal mammals are often described in terms of two
variables: duty factor (S= the stanceperiod of one foot, as a percentage of the gait cycle) and …

A new partial skeleton of Proconsul nyanzae from Mfangano Island, Kenya (KNM‐MW
13142) includes five lumbar vertebrae, a partial sacrum, and nearly complete hipbone. Until …

The locomotion of primates differs from that of other mammals in three fundamental ways.
During quadrupedal walking, primates use diagonal sequence gaits, protract their arms …

The evolutionary history of the living hominoids has remained elusive despite years of
exploration and the discovery of numerous Miocene fossil ape species. Part of the difficulty …

Homology of the adaptive solutions of grasping, like other attributes of the postcranial
skeleton, have long been assumed for marsupials, early eutherians, and euprimates …