This paper presents the results from an experimental investigation of the pressure-induced
forces in the core material below the main armour layer and shear stresses on the armour …

One of the key aspects of breakwater design and safety assessment is their stability
evaluation. In the present paper, hydraulic stability of a multi-layer berm breakwater (MLBB) …

In this study, the stability of cube armour units in the lower slope and berm of rubble mound
breakwaters with a berm was investigated for irregular and regular placement methods …

Seawalls play an important role in protecting coastal regions by resisting storm surge and
waves. However, a seawall can cause seabed erosion at its foot by facilitating hydrodynamic …

Wave-induced forces on an armour layer unit are key parameters for assessing the stability
of rubble mound coastal revetment, but how to predict them accurately and efficiently …

The aim of this work was to investigate the reshaping mechanisms of a reshaping berm
breakwater (BB) by assessing the results of a two-dimensional numerical model in …

A 2D experimental modeling of hardly/partly reshaping mono and double-berm breakwaters
is carried out in the wave flume by using irregular waves with the JONSWAP spectrum. A …

Rubble mound breakwaters have toe structures that support the armour layer and prevent
scouring damage, making toe failure a primary failure mode. Existing formulae for toe …

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the flow and turbulence at
the armor layer of rubble-mound breakwaters during wave action. The study focused on the …

In this paper, a new wave overtopping formula on reshaping berm breakwaters is derived
based on the assumption that the maximum wave momentum flux at the toe of the structure …