The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) was initially considered to be part of the endocrine
system regulating water and electrolyte balance, systemic vascular resistance, blood …

The age-related changes in the functions and composition of the human body require
adjustments of drug selection and dosage for old individuals. Drug excretion via the kidneys …

Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome with multiple interactions between the
failing myocardium and cerebral (dys‐) functions. Bi‐directional feedback interactions …

Background Hypertension (HTN) is a risk factor for dementia, and animal studies suggest
that centrally active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (those that cross the …

BACKGROUND:: Growing evidence has shown that obesity is associated with poor
neurocognitive outcomes. Bariatric surgery has been shown to be an effective intervention …

Drug dosage in the elderly requires an understanding of the age-dependent changes in
drug disposition and sensitivity. The most important pharmacokinetic alteration is a decline …

Obesity is a significant contemporary health concern that carries wide-ranging implications
for society, as well as for individual health and well-being. In particular, the …

Although the fear response is an adaptive response to threatening situations, a number of
psychiatric disorders feature prominent fear-related symptoms caused, in part, by failures of …

The prevention of neurodegenerative dementias, such as Alzheimer disease, is a growing
public health concern, because of a lack of effective curative treatment options and a rising …

Behavioral prevention strategies can help maintain high levels of cognition and functional
integrity, and can reduce the social, medical, and economic burden associated with …