(G)\setminus S $ is adjacent to at least one vertex in $ S $. Chellali et al. in 2013, by …
A dominating set in a graph 𝐺 is a set of vertices 𝑆⊆ 𝑉 (𝐺) such that any vertex of 𝑉 (𝐺)− 𝑆
is adjacent to at least one vertex of S. The minimum cardinality of a dominating set is the …