Single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SM-SERS) is an ultrahigh-
resolution spectroscopic method for directly obtaining the complex vibrational mode …

The ability to apply controlled forces to individual molecules or molecular complexes and
observe their behaviors has led to many important discoveries in biology. Instruments …

Summary The Michaelis-Menten model requires its reaction velocities to come from a
preparation of homogeneous enzymes, with identical or near-identical catalytic activities …

Biomolecular systems are dependent on a complex interplay of forces. Modern force
spectroscopy techniques provide means of interrogating these forces, but they are not …

Single-molecule data are of great significance in biology, chemistry, and medicine.
However, new experimental tools to characterize, in a multiplexed manner, protein bond …

Optical tweezers have elucidated numerous biological processes, particularly by enabling
the precise manipulation and measurement of tension. One question concerns the biological …

The ability to apply controlled forces to individual molecules or molecular complexes and
observe their behaviors has led to many important discoveries in biology. Instruments …

Optical tweezers have elucidated numerous biological processes, particularly by enabling
the precise manipulation and measurement of tension. One question concerns the biological …

The Bayesian paradigm provides a flexible and versatile framework for modeling complex
biological systems without assuming a fixed functional form or other constraints on the …

The thesis contains three distinct projects united by a loose theme of quantitative
approaches of applying forces to molecules to answer biological questions. First, the …