A rich body of knowledge links biodiversity to ecosystem functioning (BEF), but it is primarily
focused on small scales. We review the current theory and identify six expectations for scale …

1. In natural communities, multiple host and parasitoid species are linked to form complex
networks of trophic and non‐trophic interactions. Understanding how these networks will …

Bioenergetic approaches have been greatly influential for understanding community
functioning and stability and predicting effects of environmental changes on biodiversity …

Top-down and bottom-up forces determine ecosystem function and dynamics. Fisheries as a
top-down force can shorten and destabilize food webs, while effects driven by climate …

A well-known parable is that of the blind men studying an elephant each of which assert the
elephant is the part they first hold in their hands, eg,“rope!” says the tail holder while the leg …

Within communities, species are wrapped in a set of feedbacks with each other and with
their environment. When such feedbacks are strong enough they can generate alternative …

Species interactions play a crucial role in shaping biodiversity, species coexistence,
population dynamics, community stability and ecosystem functioning. Our understanding of …

Our understanding of the fundamental role that soil bacteria play in the structure and
functioning of Earth's ecosystems is ever expanding, but insight into the nature of …

Improving the predictive power of food web analysis is a major challenge. Identifying the
relationships that link topological and dynamical features may help. We used the predictions …

Kelp forests are important marine ecosystems providing habitat for numerous species.
Despite over 50 yr of mechanical harvesting in the Northeast Atlantic, the indirect impacts of …