The measurement of cognitive resource allocation during listening, or listening effort,
provides valuable insight in the factors influencing auditory processing. In recent years …

How has the concept of metacognition been used within basic and applied psychological
research? We begin our answer by presenting a broad definition of metacognition, a …

While judging their sensory environments, decision-makers seem to use the uncertainty
about their choices to guide adjustments of their subsequent behaviour. One possible …

Decision-makers often arrive at different choices when faced with repeated presentations of
the same evidence. Variability of behavior is commonly attributed to noise in the brain's …

Human perception is invariably accompanied by a graded feeling of confidence that guides
metacognitive awareness and decision-making. It is often assumed that this arises solely …

Decision-makers must often balance the desire to accumulate information with the costs of
protracted deliberation. Optimal, reward-maximizing decision-making can require dynamic …

Perceptual decisions are accompanied by feelings of confidence that reflect the likelihood
that the decision was correct. Here we aim to clarify the relationship between perception and …

In conditions of constant illumination, the eye pupil diameter indexes the modulation of
arousal state and responds to a large breadth of cognitive processes, including mental effort …

For over 100 years, eye movements have been studied and used as indicators of human
sensory and cognitive functions. This review evaluates how eye movements contribute to …

Despite the tangible progress in psychological and cognitive sciences over the last several
years, these disciplines still trail other more mature sciences in identifying the most important …