In this study, we examine the effect of increased tax transparency on the tax planning
behavior of European banks. In 2014, the European Union introduced public country‐by …

Effective tax rates (ETRs) are often used to compare tax avoidance across firms and time.
Using firms' detailed tax footnote data, we find that the effect of valuation allowances (VA) …

We investigate whether tax avoidance becomes more uncertain as the rate of tax avoidance
increases. We estimate a system of equations to demonstrate that as firms' pretax income …

Many studies use GAAP effective tax rates (ETRs) as a proxy for tax avoidance and assume
that very low (high) ETRs represent the greatest (least) tax avoidance, yet ETRs can be …

Research on the determinants of tax avoidance have relied on tests using GAAP and cash
effective tax rates (ETRs) and total and permanent book‐tax differences. Two new proxies …

We quantify the net effect of recent US tax reform on the tax rates of public US corporations
and find they decreased by 7.5 to 11.4 percentage points on average following tax reform …

We use data envelopment analysis (DEA) to develop a measure of effective tax planning
that is theoretically aligned with the Scholes-Wolfson paradigm and captures how efficiently …

We develop an approach based on publicly available data to decompose and quantify tax
avoidance into two separate components: tax rate avoidance and tax base avoidance. Our …

We employ states' enactment of constituency statutes as plausibly exogenous shocks to the
marginal cost of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and examine the relation between …

We provide a theoretical framework to identify when measures of tax avoidance reflect tax
avoidance related to, and unrelated to, earnings management. The influence of earnings …