Immune checkpoints play important roles in immune regulation, and blocking immune
checkpoints on the cell membrane is a promising strategy in the treatment of cancer. Based …

Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are characterized by the production of autoreactive
lymphocytes, immune responses to self-antigens, and inflammation in related tissues and …

Co-inhibitory B7-CD28 family member proteins negatively regulate T cell responses and are
extensively involved in tumor immune evasion. Blockade of classical CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T …

Purpose: Release of inhibitory coregulatory proteins into the circulation may represent one
mechanism by which tumors thwart immune responses. Our objective was to determine …

During the past decade, there has been a revolution in cancer therapeutics by the
emergence of antibody-based immunotherapies that modulate immune responses against …

Controversy exists as to whether minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental
glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) represent different diseases or are manifestations within the …

CD80 is expressed on all antigen-presenting cells and is present on podocytes in a number
of experimental models of nephrotic syndrome. We tested whether urinary soluble CD80 …

Cancer progression is marked by the infiltration of immunosuppressive cells, such as tumor-
associated macrophages (TAMs), regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs), and myeloid-derived …

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic
lupus erythematosus. Although the use of aggressive immunosuppression has improved …

Many low-abundance biomarkers for early detection of cancer and other diseases are
invisible to mass spectrometry because they exist in body fluids in very low concentrations …