Evidence from human genetic pain disorders shows that voltage-gated sodium channel α-
subtypes Nav1. 7, Nav1. 8 and Nav1. 9 are important in the peripheral signalling of pain …

Itch is one of the most primal sensations, being both ubiquitous and important for the well-
being of animals. For more than a century, a desire to understand how itch is encoded by the …

Humans detect skin temperature changes that are perceived as warm or cool. Like humans,
mice report forepaw skin warming with perceptual thresholds of less than 1° C and do not …

Temperature is a universal cue and regulates many essential processes ranging from
enzymatic reactions to species migration. Due to the profound impact of temperature on …

Spontaneous pain refers to pain occurring without external stimuli. It is a primary complaint
in chronic pain conditions and remains difficult to treat. Moreover, the mechanisms …

Deletion of SCN9A encoding the voltage-gated sodium channel Na V 1.7 in humans leads
to profound pain insensitivity and anosmia. Conditional deletion of Na V 1.7 in sensory …

Chronic pain is a major comorbidity of chronic inflammatory diseases. Here, we report that
the cytokine IL-1β, which is abundantly produced during multiple sclerosis (MS), arthritis …

Disinhibition during early stages of Alzheimer's disease is postulated to cause network
dysfunction and hyperexcitability leading to cognitive deficits. However, the underlying …

Electrically activating mechanoreceptive afferents inhibits pain. However, paresthesia
evoked by spinal cord stimulation (SCS) at 40–60 Hz becomes uncomfortable at high pulse …

Temperature is a fundamental sensory modality separate from touch, with dedicated
receptor channels and primary afferent neurons for cool and warm,–. Unlike for other …