Immune checkpoint antibodies that augment the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-
L1 pathway have demonstrated antitumor activity across multiple malignancies, and gained …

Major progress has been made toward our understanding of the programmed death-
1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway (referred to as the PD pathway). mAbs …

The emergence of immuno-oncology as the first broadly successful strategy for metastatic
cancer will require clinicians to integrate this new pillar of medicine with chemotherapy …

Co-inhibitory receptors are important regulators of T-cell function that define the balance
between tolerance and autoimmunity. The immune regulatory function of co-inhibitory …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic debilitating disease of the central nervous system
primarily mediated by T lymphocytes with specificity to neuronal antigens in genetically …

Immune checkpoint-blocking antibodies that enhance the immune system's ability to fight
cancer are becoming important components of treatment for patients with a variety of …

The immune system is guided by a series of checks and balances, a major component of
which is a large array of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory pathways that modulate the host …

Immunological self tolerance is maintained at least in part by regulatory T (Treg) cells that
actively and dominantly control potentially hazardous self-reactive T cells in the periphery …

Both the CTLA-4 pathway and regulatory T cells (Treg) are essential for the control of
immune homeostasis. Their therapeutic relevance is highlighted by the increasing use of …

▪ Abstract The discovery of new functions for the original B7 family members, together with
the identification of additional B7 and CD28 family members, have revealed new ways in …