Necessary Conditions of Learning presents a research approach (phenomenography) and a
theory (the variation theory of learning) introduced and developed by Ference Marton and …

Worldwide, policy makers are placing increasing demands on schools and their teachers to
use effective research-informed practices. In New Zealand a collaborative knowledge …

Assessment is a key driver in mathematics education. This book examines computer aided
assessment (CAA) of mathematics in which computer algebra systems (CAS) are used to …

The variation theory of learning emphasizes variation as a necessary condition for learners
to be able to discern new aspects of an object of learning. In a substantial number of studies …

This booklet focuses on effective mathematics teaching. Drawing on a wide range of
research, it describes the kinds of pedagogical approaches that engage learners and lead to …

BACKGROUND There is evidence from earliest historical records that examples play a
central role in both the development of mathematics as a discipline and in the teaching of …

We describe and use an analytical framework to document mathematics discourse in
instruction (MDI), and interpret differences in mathematics teaching. MDI is characterised by …

Lesson study, a powerful teacher professional development approach, originating in Asia,
has spread globally. Although the positive effects of lesson study on teacher learning and …

The main goal of the study reported in our paper is to characterize teachers' choice of
examples in and for the mathematics classroom. Our data is based on 54 lesson …

This study builds on two lines of research that have so far developed largely separately: the
use of additive methods to solve proportional word problems and the use of proportional …