Various research groups around the globe are focusing on the design and development of
innovative luminescent systems, because of their multiple and unique features such as …

Hybrid small-molecule/protein fluorescent probes are powerful tools for visualizing protein
localization and function in living cells. These hybrid probes are constructed by diverse site …

Video-based screening of pooled libraries is a powerful approach for directed evolution of
biosensors because it enables selection along multiple dimensions simultaneously from …

Highlights•Recent advances in genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) have brought
neural voltage imaging in vivo within reach.•Recently introduced tools such as electrically …

Directed evolution experiments are typically carried out using in vitro systems, bacteria, or
yeast—even when the goal is to probe or modulate mammalian biology. Performing directed …

Understanding how activity patterns in specific neural circuits coordinate an animal's
behavior remains a key area of neuroscience research. Genetic tools and a brain of …

Optical methods for interrogating membrane potential changes in neurons promise to
revolutionize our ability to dissect the activity of individual cells embedded in neural circuits …

As the centralized control system of the body, the brain is a complex organ of the utmost
importance that even the most minor disorder and trauma can cause inestimable harm …

The first member and eponym of the rhodopsin family was identified in the 1930s as the
visual pigment of the rod photoreceptor cell in the animal retina. It was found to be a …

Microbial rhodopsins are photoreceptive membrane proteins that transport various ions
using light energy. While they are widely used in optogenetics to optically control neuronal …