Following antigen encounter and subsequent resolution of the immune response, a single
naïve T cell is able to generate multiple subsets of memory T cells with different phenotypic …

Access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is improving worldwide. Immune reconstitution
inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a common complication of ART initiation. In this review, we …

Despite significant reductions in morbidity and mortality secondary to availability of effective
combination anti‐retroviral therapy (cART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection …

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a life‐saving intervention in human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) infection. Immune restoration after ART dramatically reduces the incidence and …

Better understanding of the role of opportunistic infections at ART initiation and IRIS
pathogenesis will assist in improved strategies for prevention and treatment. The long-term …

Paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-
IRIS) is an aberrant inflammatory response occurring in a subset of TB-HIV co-infected …

Subtyping patients into subgroups based on biotypes has emerged as a useful approach for
studying heterogeneous diseases. Understanding biotypes of HIV-associated …

Sympathetic ophthalmia is a rare bilateral granulomatous inflammation that follows
accidental or surgical insult to the uvea of one eye. Onset of sympathetic ophthalmia can be …

The coalescence of the HIV-1 and tuberculosis (TB) epidemics in Sub-Saharan Africa has
had a significant and negative impact on global health. The availability of effective …

Patients co-infected with HIV-1 and tuberculosis (TB) are at risk of developing TB-associated
immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) following commencement of …