Microrobots have attracted the attention of scientists owing to their unique features to
accomplish tasks in hard-to-reach sites in the human body. Microrobots can be precisely …

Conspectus Stimuli-responsive smart materials that can undergo reversible
chemical/physical changes under external stimuli such as mechanical stress, heat, light …

Systems with programmable and complex shape morphing are highly desired in many fields
wherein sensing, actuation, and manipulation must be performed. Living organisms use …

Less than 1% of Earth's freshwater reserves is accessible. Industrialization, population
growth and climate change are further exacerbating clean water shortage. Current water …

Magnetoactive soft materials (MSMs) are soft polymeric composites filled with magnetic
particles that are an emerging class of smart and multifunctional materials with immense …

Swarms, which stem from collective behaviors among individual elements, are commonly
seen in nature. Since two decades ago, scientists have been attempting to understand the …

Untethered miniature robots enable targeted delivery and therapy deep inside the
gastrointestinal tract in a minimally invasive manner. By combining actuation systems and …

Microrobots that can be precisely guided to target lesions have been studied for in vivo
medical applications. However, existing microrobots have challenges in vivo such as …

Stimuli-responsive functional micro-/nanorobots (srFM/Ns) are a class of intelligent, efficient,
and promising microrobots that can react to external stimuli (such as temperature, light …

Magnetic continuum soft robots can actively steer their tip under an external magnetic field,
enabling them to effectively navigate in complex in vivo environments and perform minimally …