collapse of normal cellular metabolism and produces a functional impairment of the involved
cerebral tissues. As a result of this pathological cascade, CVD is an ominous radiographic …

CVD, in turn, has been associated with stenosis or occlusion of adjacent dural sinuses, high-
flow shunts, and lesion location. 2, 3, 6, 31–33 Location likely influences the development of …

The pachychoroid disease spectrum (PDS) includes several chorioretinal diseases that
share specific choroidal abnormalities. Although their pathophysiological basis is poorly …

Diseases of the cerebral vasculature represent a heterogeneous group of ischemic and
hemorrhagic etiologies, which often manifest clinically as an acute neurologic deficit also …

Venous hypertension (VH) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cerebral
arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and is closely associated with the HIF-1α/VEGF …

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) of the hypoglossal canal (HCDAVFs) are rare and
display a complex angiographic anatomy. Hitherto, they have been referred to as various …

The role of the venous circulation in neurological diseases has been underestimated. In this
review, we present an overview of the intracranial venous anatomy, venous disorders of the …

CNS vascular malformation is an umbrella term that encompasses a wide variety of
pathologies, with a wide range of therapeutic and diagnostic importance. This range spans …

Appropriate vascular function is essential for the maintenance of central nervous system
homeostasis and is achieved through virtue of the blood-brain barrier; a specialized …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: 4D DSA allows acquisition of time-resolved 3D
reconstructions of cerebral vessels by using C-arm conebeam CT systems. The aim of our …