Science education is most effective when it provides authentic experiences that reflect
professional practices and approaches that address issues relevant to students' lives and …

With the release of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), assessing K-12 science
teachers' self-efficacy in Computational Thinking (CT) is an important research gap to study …

This study explores the direction and magnitude of racial disparities on three advanced
placement (AP) computer science (CS) exams, namely AP CS Principles, AP CS A, and AP …

Abstract Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) entered the general
lexicon in the United States within the last ten years. Both Presidents Obama and Trump …

This study explores the changes in pre-service elementary teachers'(PSTs) computational
thinking (CT) teaching efficacy beliefs after participating in CT modules integrated into an …

In response to the growing interest in computer science, many national standards including
CSTA, NGSS, and ISTE emphasized the importance of computational thinking as an …

Nature of Engineering (NOE) refers to the epistemological beliefs pertaining to engineering
(Antink-Meyer & Brown, 2019; Deniz et al., 2019; Hartman & Bell, 2018; Kaya et al., 2017; …

This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on the integration of animatronics for
children, AI systems applicable to animatronics, and blockchain in IoT for animatronics. It …

Educational leaders face demands to prepare students to engage in a global economy, and
21st century skills are needed for students to be successful. Student engagement is the first …