Ever since the times of Henry Ford up to today's industry 4.0 era, flow-oriented assembly
processes, where an assembly line conveys the workpieces from workstation to workstation …

In the research on production economics, line balancing is an intensively studied
combinatorial optimisation problem. In our previous comprehensive survey on line …

This book is suitable for Undergraduates and Postgraduates/MBA courses in International
Marketing, Export Marketing and International Trade. This book comprehensively covers …

In practical assembly enterprises, customization and rush orders lead to an uncertain
demand environment. This situation requires managers and researchers to configure an …

Assembly line balancing (ALB) deals with how tasks are assigned in an assembly line to
reach the required production rate and to optimize goals. Tasks in assembly line are …

From smart cities to factories and business, many decision-making processes in our society
involve NP-hard optimization problems. In a real environment, these problems are frequently …

Assembly lines play a crucial role in determining the profitability of a company. Market
conditions have increased the importance of mixed-model assembly lines. Variations in the …

The disassembly line plays a vital role to recover the products for remanufacturing
enterprises. For this reason, designing and balancing of the disassembly line are important …

In this study, we present two new mathematical models for mixed-model assembly line
balancing. The line is semi-automated and characterized by various alternative formats for …

Assembly lines with mixed products present ergonomic risks that can affect productivity of
workers and lines. Because of that, the line balancing must consider the risk of injury in …