Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) 1–6 bind IGFs but not insulin with high
affinity. They were initially identified as serum carriers and passive inhibitors of IGF actions …

Background Recent changes in nutrition and lifestyle have provoked an unprecedented
increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic disorders. Recognition of the adverse …

Context Novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like
peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (RA) tirzepatide demonstrated substantially greater …

The 6 high-affinity insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) are multifunctional
proteins that modulate cell signaling through multiple pathways. Their canonical function at …

Reduced insulin sensitivity (insulin resistance) is a hallmark of normal physiology in late
pregnancy and also underlies gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We conducted …

Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has a heterogeneous etiology influencing its progression,
treatment, and complications. A data driven cluster analysis in European individuals with …

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) belongs to the insulin-like growth factor
(IGF) system, which plays an indispensable role in normal growth and development, and in …

While the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) pathway plays essential
roles in growth and development, diminished signaling via this pathway in model organisms …

Angiogenesis is a tightly regulated activity that is vital during embryonic development and for
normal physiological repair processes and reproduction in healthy adults. Pathological …

Importance Youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) has a more aggressive phenotype than adult-
onset T2D, including rapid loss of glycemic control and increased complication risk …