The 4th industrial revolution started in 2016 and referred to a new phase in the industrial
revolution. One of the most significant technological evolvements during the 4th industrial …

S ubsurface utilities are important assets that need to be perceived during any construction
activities. Positioning and visualizing the subsurface utilities before the construction work …

The structural deterioration of urban underground pipe networks is the accumulated
combined effects of physical, environmental and operational factors during the whole …

Civil engineering is a primary domain for new augmented reality technologies. In this work,
the area of subsurface utility engineering is revisited, and new methods tackling well-known …

The development and use of underground space is a necessity for most cities in response to
rapid urbanisation. Effective underground land administration is critical for sustainable urban …

This study centers on the use of smart technology to improve the lifecycle management of
underground facilities. It presents a comprehensive digital solution that addresses the …

With the extensive application of big spatial data and the emergence of spatial computing,
augmented reality (AR) map rendering has attracted significant attention. A common issue in …

Urbanization has led to increased construction of underground buildings to overcome
limited surface space. However, safety concerns in urban underground commercial …

To minimize the excavation damage of underground pipelines, in this article, we propose to
provide real-time feedback to operators by monitoring the distance information from the …

Underground utilities (UU) play a vital role in modern life. Creating an accurate, up-to-date,
and comprehensive digital representation of underground infrastructure has become a top …