Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are targeted immunoconjugate constructs that integrate
the potency of cytotoxic drugs with the selectivity of monoclonal antibodies, minimizing …

Over the past 16 years, genetic code expansion and reprogramming in living organisms has
been transformed by advances that leverage the unique properties of pyrrolysyl-tRNA …

Unnatural amino acids (UAAs) have gained significant attention in protein engineering and
drug development owing to their ability to introduce new chemical functionalities to proteins …

Noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) for photo‐and chemical crosslinking are powerful
biochemical tools for studying and manipulating interactions between proteins both in vitro …

Throughout history, we have looked to nature to discover and copy pharmaceutical solutions
to prevent and heal diseases. Due to the advances in metabolic engineering and the …

Currently, there are no methods available offering solutions to select and identify antibodies
binding to a specific conformational epitope of an antigen. Here, we developed a method to …

Complex carbohydrates called glycans play crucial roles in regulating cell and tissue
physiology, but how they map to nanoscale anatomical features must still be resolved. Here …

Genetic code expansion has pushed protein chemistry past the canonical 22 amino acids.
The key enzymes that make this possible are engineered aminoacyl tRNA synthetases …

This Special Issue is intended to highlight recent advances in genetic code expansion,
particularly the site-specific incorporation of noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins …

Amino acid sequences of proteins are encoded in nucleic acids composed of four letters, A,
G, C, and T (U). However, this four-letter alphabet coding system limits further functionalities …