Natural killer (NK) cells, a subgroup of innate lymphoid cells, act as the first line of defense
against cancer. Although some evidence shows that NK cells can develop in secondary …

BACKGROUND Uterine natural killer cells (uNK) are the most abundant lymphocytes found
in the decidua during implantation and in first trimester pregnancy. They are important for …

A successful pregnancy requires a fine-tuned and highly regulated balance between
immune activation and embryonic antigen tolerance. Since the fetus is semi-allogeneic, the …

Sexual dimorphisms account for differences in clinical manifestations or incidence of
infectious or autoimmune diseases and malignancy between females and males. Females …

Pregnancy poses an immunological challenge because a genetically distinct (nonself) fetus
must be supported within the pregnant female for the required gestational period …

The presence of immune cells in the placental bed is important for both mother and child.
Although various immune cells can be found in the placental bed, such as regulatory T cells …

Sex differences in the incidence and severity of respiratory virus infection are widely
documented in humans and murine models and correlate with sex biases in numbers and/or …

Successful pregnancy in placental mammals substantially depends on the establishment of
maternal immune tolerance to the semi-allogenic fetus. Disorders in this process are tightly …

Tissues are the new frontier of discoveries in immunology. Cells of the immune system are
an integral part of tissue physiology and immunity. Determining how immune cells inhabit …

Pregnancy presents an immunological conundrum because two genetically different
individuals coexist. The maternal lymphocytes at the uterine maternal-fetal interface that can …