This article reviews the progress of atomic force microscopy in ultrahigh vacuum, starting
with its invention and covering most of the recent developments. Today, dynamic force …

“Molecular electronics” can be defined narrowly (sensu stricto) as the study of electrical and
electronic processes measured or controlled on a molecular scale. 1 When results on single …

Now in its fifth edition, John C. Russ's monumental image processing reference is an even
more complete, modern, and hands-on tool than ever before. The Image Processing …

In atomic force microscopy, the tip experiences electrostatic, van der Waals, and hydration
forces when imaging in electrolyte solution above a charged surface. To study the …

Handbook of food science, technology, and engineering Page 1 HANDBOOK of FOOD
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND ENGINEERING Volume 4 Edited by YH HUI Associate Editors …

In a Scanning Tunneling Microscope [1], an electronic current flows through the tunneling
barrier be-tween an atomically sharp tip and a conductive surface. Roughly speaking, the …

Fracture surfaces are produced when a solid breaks. The appearance of the surface,
particularly the topography, depends on both the type of material broken and the conditions …

Written by the leading authority in the subject, Handbook of Surface Metrology covers every
conceivable aspect of measuring and characterizing a surface. Focusing both on theory and …

The author integrates discussions of fractal geometry, surface modeling techniques, and
applications to real world problems to provide a comprehensive, accessible overview of the …

Using a new mode of scanning, the force modulation mode, surfaces are imaged by the
atomic force microscope. The new contrast mechanism relies on variation in the surface …