Hypoxia is a fundamental stimulus that impacts cells, tissues, organs, and physiological
systems. The discovery of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and subsequent identification of …

The importance of mitochondria in energy metabolism, signal transduction and aging in post-
mitotic tissues has been well established. Recently, the crucial role of mitochondrial-linked …

Breast cancer cells frequently home to the bone marrow, where they may enter a dormant
state before forming a bone metastasis. Several members of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine …

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells are routinely cultured under atmospheric, 20% oxygen
tensions but are derived from embryos which reside in a 3–5% oxygen (hypoxic) …

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play key roles in the cellular response to hypoxia. It is
widely accepted that whereas HIF-1 and HIF-2 function as transcriptional activators, HIF-3 …

Molecular oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are the primary gaseous substrate and
product of oxidative phosphorylation in respiring organisms, respectively. Variance in the …

Advances in stem cell biology have afforded promising results for the generation of various
cell types for therapies against devastating diseases. However, a prerequisite for realizing …

Cell-based therapies have generated great interest in the scientific and medical
communities, and stem cells in particular are very appealing for regenerative medicine, drug …

Various stem cells gradually turned to be critical players in tissue engineering and
regenerative medicine therapies. Current evidence has demonstrated that in addition to …

• Introduction: miRs, small molecules with wide impact• A role for hypoxia in the regulation of
miR expression• Role of HIF in the regulation of miR‐210• The ongoing search for miR‐210 …