Iodine is a micronutrient needed for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate
metabolism, growth, and development. Iodine deficiency or excess may alter the thyroid …

Thyroid hormones are important during development of the mammalian brain, acting on
migration and differentiation of neural cells, synaptogenesis, and myelination. The actions of …

Untreated congenital hypothyroidism (CH) leads to intellectual disabilities. Prompt diagnosis
by newborn screening (NBS) leading to early and adequate treatment results in grossly …

The thyroid gland regulates most of the physiological processes. Environmental factors,
including climate change, pollution, nutritional changes, and exposure to chemicals, have …

Background: Despite being the most performed laboratory endocrine investigation, the
optimum use of thyroid tests (thyrotropin [TSH] and thyroid hormone [TH] measurement) is …

Hypothyroidism is the common clinical condition of thyroid hormone deficiency and, if left
untreated, can lead to serious adverse health effects on multiple organ systems, with the …

Maternal thyroid hormone crosses the placenta to the fetus beginning in the first trimester,
likely playing an important role in fetal development. The fetal thyroid gland begins to …

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrinopathy, and levothyroxine is frequently prescribed.
Despite the basic tenets of initiating and adjusting levothyroxine being agreed on, there are …

Iodine is a micronutrient that is required for thyroid hormone synthesis. The iodide cycle in
thyroid hormone synthesis consists of a series of transport, oxidation, organification, and …

Central congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is defined as thyroid hormone (TH) deficiency at
birth due to insufficient stimulation by the pituitary of the thyroid gland. The incidence of …