The net primary production of the biosphere is consumed largely by microorganisms, whose
metabolism creates the trophic base for detrital foodwebs, drives element cycles, and …

Nitrogen (N) and/or phosphorus (P) availability can limit growth of primary producers across
most of the world's aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. These constraints are commonly …

Fresh waters are particularly vulnerable to climate change because (i) many species within
these fragmented habitats have limited abilities to disperse as the environment changes;(ii) …

Over 100 gigatons of terrestrial plant biomass are produced globally each year. Ninety
percent of this biomass escapes herbivory and enters the dead organic matter pool, thus …

Exotic species affect the biogeochemical pools and fluxes of materials and energy, thereby
altering the fundamental structure and function of their ecosystems. Rapidly accumulating …

The flow of detritus between habitats is an important form of connectivity that affects regional
productivity and the spatial organization of marine ecosystems. Kelps form highly productive …

Biodiversity is organised into complex ecological networks of interacting species in local
ecosystems, but our knowledge about the effects of habitat fragmentation on such systems …

Predicting the ecological causes and consequences of global climate change requires a
variety of approaches, including the use of experiments, models, and surveys. Among …

The role of animals in modulating nutrient cycling [hereafter, consumer‐driven nutrient
dynamics (CND)] has been accepted as an important influence on both community structure …

It is critical that the impacts of environmental stressors on natural systems are detected,
monitored and assessed accurately in order to legislate effectively and to protect and restore …