Hemorrhage is a top cause of death after injury and is the leading cause of potentially
preventable trauma deaths. 1–3 In contrast to other causes of trauma death, such as …

A well described consequence of traumatic injury is immune dysregulation, where an initial
increase in immune activity is followed by a period of immune depression, the latter leaving …

Increases in the volume of the interstitial space are readily recognized clinically as interstitial
edema formation in the loose connective tissue of skin, mucosa, and lung. However, the …

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), trauma is responsible for 10% of deaths
and 16% of disabilities worldwide. This is considerably higher than those for malaria …

Acute hemorrhage in small animals results from traumatic and non-traumatic causes. This
review seeks to describe current understanding of the resuscitation of the acutely …

Impaired hemostasis frequently occurs after traumatic shock and resuscitation. The
prehospital fluid administered can exacerbate subsequent bleeding and coagulopathy …

The microvasculature plays a central role in the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock and
is also involved in arguably all therapeutic attempts to reverse or minimize the adverse …

During the resuscitation of the acutely injured patient, crystalloids should be limited in favor
of blood components. Damage control principles apply until definitive hemostasis is …

Physical trauma is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Early post-traumatic
upregulation of the pro-inflammatory immune response to traumatic injury is paralleled by an …

Trauma still represents one of the major causes of death worldwide. Despite the reduction of
post-traumatic sepsis over the past two decades, the mortality of septic trauma inpatients is …