An extensive literature on childhood adversity and neurodevelopment has emerged over the
past decade. We evaluate two conceptual models of adversity and neurodevelopment—the …

Brain systems that promote the maintenance of homeostasis in face of stress have
significant adaptive value. A growing body of work across species demonstrates a critical …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder and a major
cause of disability worldwide. This neurological condition is commonly associated with …

Schizophrenia risk has often been conceptualized using a model which requires two hits in
order to generate the clinical phenotype—the first as an early priming in a genetically …

Chronic exposure to uncontrollable stress causes loss of spines and dendrites in the
prefrontal cortex (PFC), a recently evolved brain region that provides top-down regulation of …

Stress responses entail neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral changes to promote
effective coping with real or perceived threats to one's safety. While these responses are …

Approximately, one in three ischemic stroke survivors suffered from depression, namely,
post-stroke depression (PSD). PSD affects functional rehabilitation and may lead to poor …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age‐related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by
aggregation of toxic forms of amyloid β peptide (Aβ). Treatment strategies have largely been …

Childhood trauma has been associated with long term effects on prefrontal-limbic grey
matter. A literature search was conducted to identify structural magnetic resonance imaging …

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition associated with mild to
moderate cognitive impairment and with a prevalence rate of up to 22% in veterans. This …