Insects combat infection by mounting powerful immune responses that are mediated by
hemocytes, the fat body, the midgut, the salivary glands and other tissues. Foreign …

Aedes spp. are a major public health concern due to their ability to be efficient vectors of
dengue, Chikungunya, Zika, and other arboviruses. With limited vaccines available and no …

The globally distributed ectoparasite Varroa destructor is a vector for viral pathogens of the
Western honeybee (Apis mellifera), in particular the Iflavirus Deformed Wing Virus (DWV). In …

Nearly one million people are killed every year by the malaria parasite Plasmodium.
Although the disease-causing forms of the parasite exist only in the human blood …

The production and deposition of melanin pigments on invading pathogens and parasites
represents a unique, innate immune response in the phylum Arthropoda. This immune …

The multifaceted innate immune system of insects is capable of fighting infection by a variety
of pathogens including those causing human malaria. Malaria transmission by the …

Highlights•A major component of the mosquito immune system is hemocytes.•Hemocytes
are anatomically divided into circulating and sessile hemocytes.•Hemocytes are functionally …

Many important endemic and emerging diseases are transmitted by vectors that are biting
arthropods. The functional traits of vectors can affect pathogen transmission rates directly …

Over the last 20 years, ecological immunology has provided much insight into how
environmental factors shape host immunity and host–parasite interactions. Currently, the …

Hemocytes are an essential component of the mosquito immune system but current
knowledge of the types of hemocytes mosquitoes produce, their relative abundance, and …